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| The efficacy and mechanism of bitter almond-dried tangerine peel-pinelliae rhizoma compatibility in the treatment of acute bronchitis |
| Hits 25 Download times 11 Received:May 26, 2026 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2026.09.08 |
| Key Words
Bitter almond-Dried tangerine peel-Pinelliae rhizoma;acute bronchitis;anti-inflammatory;expectorant;cAMP/PKA/CREB;NF-κB |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LUO Zijuan | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | CHANG Huilin | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | 13677832081@163.com | | WANG Meng | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | LI Shuning | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | WANG Haoyu | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | YUAN Qing | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China | | | MIAO Lin | National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin 301617, China | | | ZHANG Han | State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | CHAI Lijuan | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | cljuan1258@126.com |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the combined medication of Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pinelliae Rhizoma（abbreviated as BDR） on smoke-induced acute bronchitis through anti-inflammatory and expectorant actions. [Methods] Twenty-four Kunming（KM） mice were randomly divided into control（Con），model（Mod），and BDR groups. The acute bronchitis mouse model was established by cigarette smoke exposure（twice daily，60 min each time，for 7 consecutive days）. After successful modeling，the BDR group was intragastrically administered BDR solution [18.46 g/kg，0.020 mL/（g·d）] for 7 days. The cough latency and cough frequency within 2 min were measured by ammonia-induced cough test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin（IL）-6，IL-1β，tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF），as well as the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） in the cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP-response element binding protein（cAMP/PKA/CREB） signaling pathway. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was performed to evaluate pulmonary histopathological changes. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） subunit p65（p65），CREB，and phosphorylated CREB（p-CREB） in lung tissues. To avoid interference of phenol red dye with other indicators in the phenol red excretion test，another 24 KM mice were separately used to evaluate the expectorant effect of BDR. These mice were divided into Con，BDR，and ammonium chloride groups，and the expectorant action was assessed by phenol red excretion test. [Results] Compared with the Con group，the body weight of mice in the Mod group decreased significantly on the 3rd day of modeling（P<0.05）. After BDR intervention，the body weight gradually recovered，and on the 7th day of administration，the body weight in the BDR group was significantly higher than that in the Mod group（P<0.05）. Compared with the Mod group，the BDR group showed significantly prolonged cough latency and reduced cough frequency（P<0.05）；significantly decreased levels of IL-6，IL-1β，and TNF-α in BALF（P<0.05）；significantly increased serum cAMP level（P<0.05）；downregulated p65 protein expression（P<0.05）；and upregulated CREB protein expression（P<0.05）. The phenol red excretion test conducted separately for the expectorant effect showed that the tracheal phenol red excretion in the BDR group was significantly increased（P<0.05）.[Conclusion] BDR exerts significant therapeutic effects on smoke-induced acute bronchitis，and the underlying mechanisms include：1） Anti-inflammatory action：by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway（upregulating p-CREB and CREB） and inhibiting NF-κB activity（downregulating p65），BDR significantly reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines（IL-6，IL-1β，TNF-α） and alleviates pulmonary inflammatory injury. 2） Expectorant action：by promoting serous gland secretion，BDR significantly increases airway phenol red excretion，thereby diluting sputum. This study provides laboratory evidence for the clinical application of BDR combined medication in the treatment of acute bronchitis. |
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