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| Research progress in the treatment of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2026.08.14 |
| Key Words
cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome;traditional Chinese medicine;treatment based on pattern identification |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LUO Xiaofei | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China | | | ZHANG Lin | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China | | | NI Jingyu | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China | | | XU Minghao | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China | | | LIU Jialing | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | FAN Guanwei | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China | fgw1005@163.com |
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| Abstract
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| Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a clinical condition involving the heart, kidneys, and metabolism. The traditional fragmented, specialty-based approach is insufficient to effectively halt its progression. Since the concept of CKM was introduced in 2023, research on CKM in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still in its early stages, with limited evidence. The holistic concept and treatment based on pattern identification in TCM align with the need for integrated management combined with individualized prevention and control, offering a novel approach to CKM diagnosis and treatment. Based on current literature analysis and theoretical exploration, and from the perspective of clinical symptoms and patterns of progression, CKM may be tentatively categorized under the TCM concepts of "pi dan""edema" and "chest impediment". The core pathogenesis is preliminarily characterized as deficiency of heart, spleen and kidney, with intertwined phlegm and blood stasis, suggesting a dynamic evolution from the spleen to the kidney and from excess to deficiency: stage 1 manifests as spleen deficiency with dampness exuberance and internal generation of turbid phlegm; stage 2 presents as dual deficiency of the spleen and kidney with intermingling of phlegm and stasis; stage 3 involves turbid phlegm and stasis transforming into turbid toxins, damaging the heart and kidney; stage 4 is characterized by internal exuberance of turbid toxins with decline of both yin and yang. Regarding mechanistic studies, current evidence suggests that Chinese herbal medicines exert multi-organ protective effects-modulating energy metabolism, inhibiting fibrosis, and improving myocardial remodeling-by regulating multiple pathways including AMPK and NF-κB. Based on the above theoretical analysis, this paper attempts to systematically review the TCM pathogenesis and pattern differentiation and treatment principles of CKM, preliminarily proposes a stage-based treatment framework, and integrates evidence from modern studies on the multi-organ protective effects of Chinese herbal medicines, aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical implications for CKM management. |
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