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| Quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and Western medicine clinical practice guidelines for heart failure |
| Hits 2 Download times 0 Received:May 06, 2026 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2026.09.07 |
| Key Words
heart failure;guidelines;consensus;AGREE Ⅱ;RIGHT checklist;evaluation criteria for traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice guidelines |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | GAO Zixuan | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | SUN Ruoning | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | JIANG Qingxu | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | JIAO Linlin | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | GAO Shan | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | gaoshan@tjutcm.edu.cn | | YU Chunquan | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | ycqtjutcm@foxmail.com |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）and integrative Chinese and Western medicine clinical practice guidelines for heart failure（HF）and synthesize treatment plans with strong recommendations or higher-level evidence from high-quality guidelines. [Methods] A systematic search was conducted across databases，academic websites，and guideline platforms for relevant HF guidelines，consensuses，and standards. The AGREE Ⅱ tool，RIGHT checklist，and TCM guideline evaluation criteria were used to assess methodological quality，reporting quality，and clinical applicability. High-quality guidelines were selected to extract and integrate recommended treatment plans. [Results] Sixteen guidelines were included. Methodological quality was moderate（predominantly Grade B），with deficiencies in rigor and applicability. Reporting quality was polarized（one Grade A；over half Grade C），showing low transparency in evidence and review reporting. Clinical applicability was uniformly Grade B，but operability was generally low. From 5 high-quality guidelines，40 treatment plans were synthesized，covering acute/chronic HF stages and syndromes. A structured framework was formed：intravenous preparations for“yang restoration and collapse reversal”in acute HF；oral Chinese patent medicines for chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction（HFrEF）；a“comprehensive regulation”model （herbal decoctions/ patent medicines，intravenous preparations，exercise，TCM techniques）for stable HF with preserved ejection fraction（HFpEF）；and herbal decoctions formulas for“yang-warming and diuresis-promotion”in diuretic-resistant cases. [Conclusion] Current TCM and integrative HF guidelines are of moderate overall quality，adequate in clarity and purpose but requiring improvement in development rigor，reporting transparency，and clinical operability. The synthesized plans provide evidence-based references for practice，but higher- quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence. |
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