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| 基于超分子化学的中药自组装纳米结构：形成机制与生物医学应用 |
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刘小梅1,2, 郑晓丹1,2,3, 田飞1,2
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1.天津中医药大学中医药研究院药学部, 天津 301617;2.组分中药国家重点实验室, 天津 301617;3.现代中医药海河实验室, 天津 301617
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| 摘要: |
| 中药活性物质在煎煮、炮制、储存及体内转运过程中，可依靠氢键、静电作用、π-π堆积、疏水作用与配位作用等非共价弱相互作用自发聚集，形成形态多样的超分子纳米聚集体。这类天然纳米结构是中药汤剂发挥药效的核心载体，能够提升活性成分水溶性、膜穿透能力与体内储存稳定性，同时实现配伍、炮制过程中的增效与减毒。文章系统梳理中药活性成分自组装的核心驱动力、分类体系与系统表征技术，结合经典药对、复方实例阐释超分子化学对中药配伍、炮制、整体观的科学内涵，补充自组装体体内动态行为研究，并总结其在抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、创面修复及药物递送领域的应用现状。文章剖析了当前领域存在的机制解析不深入、体内研究薄弱、质量标准缺失等问题，结合交叉学科发展趋势提出展望，以期为中药药效物质解析、经典名方现代化及新型纳米中药制剂研发提供理论参考。 |
| 关键词: 中药活性成分 纳米结构 超分子化学 自组装 药效物质基础 |
| DOI：10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2026.09.13 |
| 分类号:R285.5 |
| 基金项目:现代中药新质生产力科技创新工程专项项目（24ZXZKSY00010）；天津市卫生健康委员会中医、西医结合科研课题项目（2025023；2025051）。 |
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| Self-assembled nanostructures derived from traditional Chinese medicine active constituents based on supramolecular chemistry: formation mechanisms and biomedical applications |
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LIU Xiaomei1,2, ZHENG Xiaodan1,2,3, TIAN Fei1,2
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1.Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;3.Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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| Abstract: |
| During decoction，processing，storage，and in vivo transport，active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） can spontaneously assemble into diverse supramolecular nanostructures via non-covalent interactions，including hydrogen bonding，electrostatic interactions，π-π stacking，hydrophobic interactions，and coordination interactions. These naturally occurring nanostructures are increasingly recognized as important carriers of pharmacological activity in TCM decoctions，capable of improving the aqueous solubility，membrane permeability，and in vivo stability of bioactive compounds while contributing to enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity during herbal compatibility and processing. This review systematically summarizes the major driving forces，classification systems，and characterization techniques involved in the self-assembly of active constituents in TCM. Representative herb pairs and classical prescriptions are discussed to elucidate the role of supramolecular chemistry in understanding TCM compatibility principles，processing mechanisms，and holistic therapeutic concepts. Furthermore，recent advances in the investigation of the in vivo behavior of self-assembled nanostructures are reviewed，together with their biomedical applications in antibacterial therapy，cancer treatment，anti-inflammation，wound healing，and drug delivery. Current challenges in this field，including an insufficient understanding of self-assembly mechanisms，limited studies on their in vivo fate，and the lack of standardized quality-control systems，are critically analyzed. Future perspectives are proposed in light of emerging interdisciplinary approaches and technological advances. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of TCM，promoting the modernization of classical prescriptions，and facilitating the development of novel TCM-derived nanomedicines. |
| Key words: traditional Chinese medicine active constituents nanostructures supramolecular chemistry self-assembly pharmacodynamic material basis |
